🤝 1) India and the US Sign a Historic 10-Year Defence Framework in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

• Event: India and the United States signed a 10-year Defence Cooperation Framework Agreement in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• Objective: To deepen military collaboration, joint training, technology sharing, and strategic defence production.
• Significance: This is the longest-term defence agreement between the two countries to date, reinforcing their Indo-Pacific security partnership.
• Context: The location—Malaysia—symbolizes outreach to ASEAN nations and a multilateral approach to regional defence stability.

🛫 2) India Officially Closes Operations at the Ayni Airbase in Tajikistan

• About: India formally ended its operations at the Ayni Airbase (also known as Farkhor Airbase) in Tajikistan.
• Background: This was India’s first overseas military base, operational since the early 2000s, strategically located near Afghanistan.
• Reason: The closure aligns with India’s defence realignment and regional policy restructuring amid changing Central Asian dynamics.
• Significance: Marks the end of a key strategic presence in Central Asia, once vital for counterterrorism and regional outreach.

☀️ 3) India Unveils SUNRISE, OSOWOG, GCC, and SIDS Solar Platforms at 2025 ISA Assembly

• Event: During the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly, India launched four major solar collaboration initiatives —
• SUNRISE (Solar Utility Network for Renewable Integration and Sustainability Enhancement)
• OSOWOG (One Sun One World One Grid)
• GCC (Green Credit Connect)
• SIDS (Solar Initiative for Small Island Developing States)
• Objective: To accelerate global solar energy cooperation, promote cross-border electricity trade, and help vulnerable island nations achieve energy independence.
• Location: The assembly took place in New Delhi, reinforcing India’s leadership in the global clean energy transition.

🌐 4) Department of Telecommunications Launches “Samriddhi Gram Panchayat” Physical Services

• Launched By: Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India.
• Objective: To enhance digital and physical connectivity services in rural gram panchayats across three pilot states.
• Focus Areas: Internet accessibility, public service delivery, and digital empowerment through BharatNet infrastructure.
• Goal: Bridge the rural-urban digital divide and promote inclusive development under the Digital India initiative.

🚗 5) Uttarakhand Government to Collect Green Tax from Out-of-State Vehicles (Effective December 2025)

• Announcement: The Uttarakhand Government announced a Green Tax on vehicles entering from other states, starting December 2025.
• Purpose: To curb vehicular pollution, manage tourism-related traffic, and promote environmental conservation in eco-sensitive regions like Dehradun, Nainital, and Mussoorie.
• Significance: Funds from the green tax will be directed towards sustainable mobility, pollution control, and afforestation programs.